• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The object of the invention is to provide a shut-off valve which closes reliably at a critical temperature of the fluid flowing through it and which preferably withstands the loads in the nuclear field. This is achieved according to the invention by a shut-off valve (2) for a pipeline with • a housing (4) which surrounds a flow channel (20), • a closure element (6) arranged in the flow channel (20) which moves from an open position to a closed position can be transferred, • a first spring element (32) which is arranged in the flow channel (20) and is made of shape memory material and which is operatively connected to the closure element (6), the first spring element (32) being reached when a switching temperature (T c) is reached or exceeded Changes shape and thereby brings the closure element (6) into the closed position, wherein the first spring element is formed by a stack of disc springs connected in series.
    公开号:CH713102B1
    申请号:CH00275/18
    申请日:2016-09-07
    公开日:2020-07-15
    发明作者:Reuter Matthias；Ornot Leo；Nahstoll Daniel；Lamm Matthias
    申请人:Framatome Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a shut-off valve, preferably for use in a nuclear facility, in particular in a nuclear power plant.
    So-called building closure fittings are shut-off fittings with a special use. They are found in numerous systems in nuclear facilities. Building lock fittings are normally closed by a corresponding reactor protection signal in the event of a leakage accident and prevent radioactivity from escaping from the reactor containment. These are mostly actively controlled today in order to close safely in the event of a fault and are available in multiple versions for reasons of redundancy. Failed e.g. B. the power supply for such an active control, the proper function of this valve is no longer guaranteed. One example is the plant drainage system of the reactor building. The line of the system drainage system that penetrates the safety container is constructed in such a way that there is a double shut-off (redundancy) by building end fittings. There is one inside and one outside of the containment.
    The object of the invention is to provide a shut-off valve which closes in a passive manner at a temperature of the fluid flowing through it, and which preferably withstands the loads in the nuclear field.
    This object is achieved by a shut-off valve with the features of claim 1.
    The basic idea is to implement the closing of pressure-carrying piping systems using temperature-activatable shape memory materials.
    Accordingly, a shut-off valve for a pipeline is provided with<tb> • <SEP> a housing that encloses a flow channel,<tb> • <SEP> a closure element arranged in the flow channel, which can be transferred from an open position to a closed position,<tb> • <SEP> a first spring element arranged in the flow channel, made of shape memory material, which is operatively connected to the closure element, the first spring element changing its shape when a switching temperature is reached or exceeded, thereby bringing the closure element into the closed position, the first spring element is formed by a stack of series-connected disc springs.
    The heating or heating of the first spring element required to trigger the switching or closing process is preferably achieved by the medium or fluid itself which flows through the shut-off valve and is switched by it, that is, depending on the position of the closure element, it is let through or blocked , becomes. In addition, there are preferably no further heating means, for example in the form of electrical heating elements or heating elements heated by a separate heating medium. If they exist, they are preferably not used. The shut-off valve according to the invention can therefore be referred to as a passive, medium-controlled, temperature-sensitive, automatically operating shut-off valve.
    Advantageous refinements and developments of the basic idea are the subject of the dependent claims and the following detailed description and the figures.
    By using shape memory alloy material in the form of a plate spring assembly, which is fully integrated into a pipeline section, a valve can be designed that meets the diverse requirements in the nuclear environment. Above all, when used as a building end fitting in the sense described at the outset, a secure closure of the pipeline is ensured when it comes into contact with hot primary medium. The shape memory material comes into direct contact with the primary medium and changes its shape more or less abruptly when a defined temperature threshold is reached or exceeded. A safety margin in the event of a leakage compared to standard conditions should be taken into account in the design / setting. As a result, the shaft carrying the closure element is moved in the direction of flow of the medium until it reaches and seals the seat. The valve remains closed as long as medium with an elevated temperature is present. When the temperature falls below the transformation temperature, the shape memory material returns to the original shape, provided that it is not prevented by external forces. A second spring (return spring), preferably made of conventional material (not shape memory material), advantageously ensures the return to the initial state.
    The fitting according to the invention can be used both in the construction of new plants and as a retrofit for existing plants and systems. The application is primarily aimed at small pipe diameters for measuring pipes, drainage pipes and the like with a nominal diameter up to DN50. In principle, larger diameters are also possible, for example up to DN500 or more. In addition to the applications in nuclear technology, such a valve can also be used in conventional technology, where a safe, temperature-controlled closing of a valve is required. In general, the field of application includes pressure-carrying systems in which media should be prevented from escaping in the event of a malfunction, which is accompanied by an increase in temperature.
    The aim and main advantage of the invention in the nuclear field is to passively close leaks from the primary circuit or primary medium leading systems in the surrounding annulus of the reactor building. Result from it<tb> • <SEP> a gain in plant safety through less active components,<tb> • <SEP> a reduction in the weight of the valve by eliminating the drive unit compared to an active valve,<tb> • <SEP> simple testability via position indicator by applying a temperature higher than the trigger temperature,<tb> • <SEP> less engineering effort in terms of installation space, weight, electrical wiring, etc. - design planning and verification are greatly simplified.
    An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to schematic drawings. Show it:<tb> <SEP> FIG. 1 shows a side plan view of a shut-off valve according to the invention,<tb> <SEP> FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the shut-off valve,<tb> <SEP> FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a shut-off valve cut open in the longitudinal direction,<tb> <SEP> FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of how the shut-off valve works, and<tb> <SEP> FIG. 5 shows a section of a reactor building of a nuclear power plant to illustrate a preferred application of the shut-off valve.
    Identical or identically acting parts are denoted in all figures with the same reference numerals.
    The shut-off valve 2 shown in the figures is used in its intended use in a pipeline in order to securely and reliably close it when required. The shut-off valve 2 has a housing 4, essentially designed as a hollow cylinder, with a closure element 6 arranged therein, an actuation system 8 for the closure element 6 and with two end-side pipeline connections 10a, 10b. For the connection, the pipe connections 10a, 10b are typically welded, soldered or screwed to the associated pipe ends in order to achieve a high level of tightness and resilience. B. by means of an RT screw connection. In the case shown here, when the shut-off valve 2 is open, a fluid flow directed from right to left (flow direction 80) is provided in the pipeline, so that the right pipeline connection 10a is referred to as the inlet and the left pipeline connection 10b as the outlet of the shut-off valve 2. Tapered edges 12 at the connection ends facilitate the weld seams. Since the normally pressurized fluid (liquid, gas or a mixture, possibly in a supercritical state) is stowed to the right of the closure element 6 when the shut-off valve 2 is closed, the right side of the shut-off valve 2 can also be referred to as the high-pressure side, while the left side represents the low pressure side. The shut-off valve 2 itself can also be referred to as a shut-off valve or end valve.
    The shut-off valve 2, which is normally open at low temperatures, is designed for automatic, passive closing as soon as the fluid flowing through it reaches or exceeds a predetermined temperature. This is achieved by the configuration of the actuation system 8 integrated in the shut-off valve 2 described below using shape memory materials.
    The closure element 6 has a closure cone 14, also referred to as a valve cone, which, as here in the exemplary embodiment, can be rounded in the shape of a mushroom or onion and is intended for interaction with a valve seat 16 or sealing seat, which here is in the form of an annular constriction or constriction 18 cylindrical flow channel 20 of the shut-off valve 2 is formed. On the side facing away from the valve seat 16, a cylindrical drive rod 22 / piston rod / stem is integrally formed on or rigidly connected to the closure cone 14, which has a smaller diameter than the flow channel 20 in this area and can therefore have fluid flowing around it on the outside. At the end facing away from the sealing cone 14, a washer 24 which is slidably fitted in the flow channel 20 with a clearance fit is integrally formed on the drive rod 22 or rigidly connected to it. The circular disk 24 protruding in the radial direction over the drive rod 22 is provided in the projecting ring section with passage openings 26 for the fluid, which are expediently distributed uniformly over the circumference. The disk 24 can have the appearance of a spoke wheel, for example. The closure unit 100 formed from the closure element 14, drive rod 22 and disk 24, also referred to as a closure piston, can be displaced in the longitudinal direction 28 within the flow channel 20, the valve seat 16 acting as an end stop on the left side. On the right side there is a second end stop (see below). The disc 24 serves for centering and for the introduction of the actuation forces into the closure unit 100.
    Between the valve seat 16 and the disc 24 is designed as a compression spring, located in the space between the drive rod 22 and the wall of the flow channel 20 spring element 30 which is on the left on the constriction 18 defining the valve seat 16 and on the right radially disc 24 protruding from the drive rod 22. The shape and arrangement of the spring element 30 are selected such that the linear displaceability of the closure unit 100 in the longitudinal direction 28 is not impeded as far as possible within the predetermined end stops, in particular the closure element 6 is not blocked in the valve seat 16 in the closed position. Furthermore, the spring element 30 should as little as possible obstruct the flow of the fluid in the space between the drive rod 22 and the wall of the flow channel 20, in any case not block it. For this purpose, the spring element 30 can in particular - as shown here - be designed as a helical spring, the inside diameter of which is expediently larger than the maximum outside diameter of the closure element 6. The coil spring then preferably lies loosely on the wall of the flow channel 20. For reasons of redundancy, the spring element 30 can also be formed from a plurality of individual springs, for example from two helical springs nested in one another in the manner of a double helix. Alternatively, the spring element 30 can also be realized by a plate spring or a package of plate springs, which expediently have passage openings for the fluid.
    On the right side of the disc 24, a further spring element 32 is arranged, which is supported at the left end on the disc 24 and at the right end on a stop 34, which is expediently formed as an annular constriction or constriction in the wall of the flow channel 20 is. For example, this stop 34 can be formed by an inwardly projecting ring 36, for example a spring ring or clamping ring or a preferably slotted washer, which is inserted into a circumferential groove in the wall of the flow channel 20. The right end stop for the closure unit 100 is then determined by the stop 34, taking into account the minimum possible longitudinal expansion (with maximum compression) of the spring element 32. For the design specified below, the spring element 32 is designed as a disc spring (also known as disc spring or Belleville spring). A package of several disc springs 38 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction 28 or stacked in the opposite / alternating manner is used (series connection).
    The spring element 32 is such that it allows the flow of fluid. In the case of the plate springs, their conical ring shells are preferably provided with suitable through openings 40 / slots / perforation, preferably in a uniform distribution over the circumference. To center the spring element 32, a centrally arranged rod 42, which is connected to the left end of the disk 24 or molded onto it and extends to the right through a central opening in the spring element 32, can be provided as an extension of the drive rod 22. This rod 42 can also be provided with passage openings for the fluid.
    The two spring elements 30, 32 are effective as passive adjusting elements or actuators for the closure unit 100. According to the preferred application, the spring element 30 is made of a conventional material, for example low-corrosion stainless steel, while the spring element 32 consists of a shape memory material, preferably with a two-way memory effect, for example of an austenitic titanium alloy, for example the basis of NiTiHf or other alloy components.
    In the initial state, at relatively low temperatures, the spring element 32 is in a contracted configuration. The spring element 30 then presses the closure unit 100 to the right. This means that the closure unit 100 with the closure element 6 is in the open state, in this case in the right stop position. Fluid can flow through the open pipeline. The shut-off valve 2 remains open even at high flow speeds or pressures.
    Very high flow velocities - down to the ultrasound range - can be reliably reduced in order to protect the actuation system 8 by a perforated disc (optional, not shown here), seen in the flow direction, as shown here to the right of the spring element 32 in the flow channel 20.
    However, if the flowing fluid reaches or exceeds a certain temperature and the spring element 32 is by direct contact with the fluid to a predetermined trigger temperature / switching temperature (z. B. 220 ° C, but can also be up to 400 ° C or heated up or beyond, it jumps, possibly while doing work, due to the shape memory effect within a very short time (typically milliseconds to a few seconds) into an expanded configuration, unless it is prevented by external forces becomes. In the present case, the spring element 32 can expand, because the counteracting spring force of the spring element 30 is chosen to be less than the spring force of the spring element 32 that is effective when the triggering temperature is exceeded. For example, the spring force of the spring element 30 is around 50% of the spring force of the spring element 32, so that it moves to the left The closing force directed to the right outweighs the opening force directed to the right, and even if the arrangement is somewhat stiff, the closure element 6 is pressed into the closed position in the valve seat 16 when required. When using disc spring assemblies, for example, effective actuating forces in the range of 10 Nm or larger can be achieved, depending on the requirements, in the smallest of spaces, for example with spring lengths of a few centimeters and with an actuating travel of a few millimeters.
    Once the closure element 6 is in the closed position, the fluid pent up to the right of it and under pressure (e.g. 150 bar) presses the closure element 6 even more firmly into the valve seat 16 when the pressure to the left thereof as a result of Drainage or discharge of the pipeline is less, so that the sealing effect increases with increasing pressure difference between inlet 10a and outlet 10b. Even if the temperature of the spring element 32 falls below the changeover temperature again, and therefore the spring element 32 tries to contract, the closure element 6 remains in the closed position as a result of the differential pressure present.
    Only when the temperature of the accumulated fluid is again below the switching temperature and the pressure difference has dropped again to a sufficiently low value (z. B. <3 bar), the opening force directed to the right exceeds the closing force directed to the left, the is calculated from the product of the pressure difference between inlet 10a and outlet 10b times the effective area.
    It should be noted that the opening force is mainly applied by the spring element 30, since the spring element 32 has a tendency to contract when the temperature is below the switching temperature when no external forces counteract it, but in contrast to the behavior when the temperature rises many shape memory materials are unable to do significant work.
    As a result of hysteresis effects, the return temperature of the spring element 32 when the temperature drops over time is generally below the triggering temperature when the temperature rises. It has been spoken exactly so with two different switching temperatures. The hysteresis can be adjusted through alloy selection, heat treatment and mechanical deformation. As a result of the above-described, usually dominating effect of the differential pressure, the hysteresis does not play a significant role in the preferred application proposed here, so that the rest of the text usually makes a more precise distinction between the release temperature (when the temperature rises) and the reset temperature (when the temperature falls) is waived.
    In summary, the shut-off valve 2 behaves as a result of the described design of its components as in FIG. 4 schematically indicated: In the initial state at low temperature T and low pressure difference Δp between inlet 10a and outlet 10b, the shut-off valve 2 is open (position 1), when the temperature T rises it closes when the switching temperature / threshold Tc is exceeded, which leads to an increase in Pressure difference Δp comes (position 2). As a result of the pressure difference Δp, the shut-off valve 2 remains closed, even if the temperature T drops again (position 3), and only opens again when the pressure difference Δp drops towards the initial value or reaches it again (position 4). This can be done by relieving pressure on the inlet side of the shut-off valve 2 and / or by pressurizing the outlet side.
    The behavior shown qualifies the shut-off valve 2 in particular for use as a so-called building closure valve in measuring lines, sampling lines, drainage lines or the like, which are connected directly or indirectly to the cooling circuit of a nuclear power plant and from the safety envelope surrounding the reactor core and the cooling circuit into the surrounding plant building are brought out.
    Such a scenario is shown in FIG. 5 schematically shown for a nuclear power plant: The fluid-carrying measuring line 50 leads from the so-called containment through the containment cover or safety cover 52 into the so-called annular space with the associated transducers etc. In the area of the implementation, at least one shut-off valve 2 of the type described above is connected into the measurement line 50.
    In regular operation, the shut-off valve 2 is open, and fluid can be removed from the cooling circuit or systems close to it via the measuring line 50 in a controlled manner. If there is a malfunction with the release / leakage of reactor coolant within the safety sleeve 52, the temperature (and also the pressure) in the cooling circuit and thus also in the measuring lines, sampling lines, drainage lines etc. will generally rise. The shut-off valve 2 then closes automatically as described, in a passive manner, so that the containment is completely isolated from the external environment. Only when the fault has been rectified and the temperature and pressure have dropped back to the permissible normal values will there be an automatic, passive reopening.
    On the outside of the housing 4 of the shut-off valve 2, a receptacle 60 for a position sensor or position sensor for determining the current position of the closure element 6 (open or closed) can be present. The sensor can be based, for example, on a capacitive or inductive measuring principle.
    According to the preferred application, the shut-off valve 2 should be usable in a range of ambient temperature from 0 ° C to at least 450 ° C and for fluid temperatures up to 400 ° C and should be designed for maximum pressures up to 170 bar. The flow velocity of the fluid can reach or exceed the speed of sound. Depending on the specific application and type of power plant, the switching temperature of the shape memory material should be set between 160 ° C and 350 ° C, preferably around 220 ° C. The valve should be designed for approx. 500 operating cycles with a service life of 40 years.
    Deviating from the design described above for a pressure-controlled reopening of the shut-off valve 2 after the response and closing, a temperature-controlled reopening can also be set in other applications: the opening force caused by the spring element 30 must then be chosen so large that it - below the switching temperature (more precisely: the reset temperature) of the spring element 32 - exceeds the maximum expected pressure-related closing force. In this design case too, the spring force of the spring element 32 above the switching temperature (more precisely: the triggering temperature) must exceed the spring force of the spring element 30 in order to be able to close the valve.
    Of course, applications of the shut-off valve 2 and the inherent principle of the invention are also conceivable in other nuclear or non-nuclear areas in which a pipeline is to be closed in a temperature-activated manner in an automatic and passive manner. The above operating and design parameters can vary widely depending on the application. The necessary adjustments can then be made in particular by suitable choice of material, component dimensioning, spring type and by thermomechanical treatment of the shape memory material.
    Reference list
    2 shut-off valve 4 housing 6 closure element 8 actuation system 10a pipe connection (inlet) 10b pipe connection (outlet) 12 edge 14 plug cone 16 valve seat / sealing seat 18 constriction 20 flow channel 22 drive rod 24 disk 26 through opening 28 longitudinal direction 30 spring element 32 spring element 34 stop 36 ring 38 Belleville washer 40 Through opening 42 Rod 50 Measuring line 52 Safety sleeve 60 Holder for sensor 80 Flow direction 100 Closure unitΔp pressure difference T temperature Tc switching temperature
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. Shut-off valve (2) for a pipe withA housing (4) which encloses a flow channel (20),A closure element (6) which is arranged in the flow channel (20) and can be moved from an open position to a closed position,A first spring element (32) which is arranged in the flow channel (20) and consists of shape memory material and is operatively connected to the closure element (6),wherein the first spring element (32) is configured and arranged in the flow channel (20) such that it is in direct contact with a fluid flowing through the flow channel (20) during operation and when a switching temperature (Tc) is reached or exceeded as a result of heating changes its shape as a result of the fluid and thereby brings the closure element (6) into the closed position, the first spring element (32) being formed by a stack of disc springs (38) connected in series.
    [2]
    2. Shut-off valve (2) according to claim 1, wherein no further means for heating the first spring element (32) are present.
    [3]
    3. Shut-off valve (2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the closure element (6) with a sealing seat (16) interacting, linearly displaceable closure cone (14).
    [4]
    4. Shut-off valve (2) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a second spring element (30) for returning the closure element (6) from the closed position to the open position in the flow channel (20) is arranged.
    [5]
    5. Shut-off valve (2) according to claim 4, wherein the second spring element (30) is not made of shape memory material.
    [6]
    6. Shut-off valve (2) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the spring forces of the two spring elements (30, 32) are set such that the closure element (6) is only returned from the closed position to the open position when the temperature of the first spring element (32) falls below the switching temperature (Tc) and a pressure difference (Δp) applied to the closure element (6) falls below a predetermined value, which is preferably substantially smaller than the maximum pressure difference applied.
    [7]
    7. Shut-off valve (2) according to one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the spring force of the second spring element (30) is around 50% of the spring force of the first spring element (32).
    [8]
    8. Shut-off valve (2) according to one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the second spring element (30) is formed by a coil spring.
    [9]
    9. Shut-off valve (2) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the plate springs (38) have passage openings (40) for a fluid flow.
    [10]
    10. Use of a shut-off valve (2) according to one of claims 1 to 9 in a nuclear facility as a building closing valve.
    [11]
    11. Nuclear plant with a shut-off valve (2) according to one of claims 1 to 9.
    [12]
    12. Nuclear power plant with a safety sleeve (52) surrounding the reactor core and the primary reactor cooling circuit, a pressure-carrying line being guided through the safety sleeve (52) into which a shut-off valve (2) according to one of claims 1 to 9 is connected.
    [13]
    13. Nuclear power plant according to claim 12, wherein the pressure-carrying line comprises a measuring line (50), sampling line or a drainage line.
    [14]
    14. A method of operating a shut-off valve (2) according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the switching process is triggered by a fluid which flows through the flow channel (20) at a temperature above the switching temperature (Tc).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102015217096A1|2017-03-09|
    WO2017042189A1|2017-03-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP2002097957A|2000-09-27|2002-04-05|Piolax Inc|Cooling water control valve for engine|
    US7237511B2|2005-03-25|2007-07-03|Mazda Motor Corporation|Cooling device of engine|
    DE202012104460U1|2012-11-19|2014-02-21|Otto Egelhof Gmbh & Co. Kg|Shut-off valve for liquid and gaseous media|CN107061850A|2017-03-10|2017-08-18|上海航天设备制造总厂|A kind of device according to variation of ambient temperature control piper break-make|
    WO2021116053A1|2019-12-09|2021-06-17|Kernkraftwerk Gösgen-Däniken Ag|Stop valve for installation in a pipeline, in particular in a pipeline of a nuclear facility|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102015217096.9A|DE102015217096A1|2015-09-07|2015-09-07|Shut-off|
    PCT/EP2016/071024|WO2017042189A1|2015-09-07|2016-09-07|Shut-off valve|
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